Fecha de publicación: Mayo, 2019

Institución participante: Congressional Research Service 

Fragmento original: Summary

Congress has maintained significant interest in Mexico, an ally and top trade partner. In recent decades, U.S.-Mexican relations have grown closer through cooperative management of the 2,000-mile border, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and security and rule of law cooperation under the Mérida Initiative. Relations have been tested, however, by President Donald J. Trump’s shifts in U.S. immigration and trade policies. 

Título completo: U.S.-Mexico Security Cooperation 2018-2024, U.S.-Mexico Security Cooperation Taskforce

Fecha de publicación: 2019

Institución participante: Justice in Mexico, Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law

Fragmento original: Over the more than two decades of free trade between Mexico and the United States (1994-2018), there has been an important alignment between the countries on strategic and security matters. New blueprints for bilateral cooperation have been created and there has been greater agreement regarding security in the region, especially with respect to Central America. However, the arrival of Donald Trump in the White House and the internal crises in both countries—the opioid epidemic in the United States and the escalation of violence in Mexico—have cast serious doubt on burgeoning security cooperation.

By: Victor E. Renuart, Jr., and Biff Bake, febrero, 2010

Summary: The term compatible interface in the title of this paper refers to the fact that the United States and Mexico have complementary areas of concern in each of our four instruments of national power: diplomatic, information, military, and economic.

By: Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs; Kristin Finklea, Specialist in Domestic Security

Summary: Violence perpetrated by a range of criminal groups continues to threaten citizen security and governance in some parts of Mexico, a country with which the United States shares a nearly 2,000-mile border and more than $500 billion in annual trade. Although organized crime-related violence in Mexico has generally declined since 2011, analysts estimate that it may have claimed more than 80,000 lives between December 2006 and December 2014. Recent cases—particularly the disappearance of 43 students in Guerrero, Mexico in September 2014—have drawn attention to the problems of corruption and impunity for human rights abuses in Mexico. 

By: Eric L. Olson and Erik Lee, Border Research Partnership, August 2012.

Summary: The purpose of this paper is to begin to set a base line for measuring border security between the United States and Mexico. Our plan is to re-examine these issues on a semi-regular basis, making adjustments to both the methodology and criteria as needed. To initiate this process, we have chosen to focus on four major areas to evaluate related to border security. These include incidence of terror related activity and warnings at the border; levels of violence on both sides of the border and an assessment of how these might be linked; seizures of dangerous drugs, money and firearms at the border; and efforts aimed at apprehensions of undocumented and unauthorized migrants.

Autores: Ray Walser James Roberts, 16 de noviembre, 2007.

Summary: Mexican President Felipe Calderón is locked in a valiant fight against narco-traffickers, proving his commitment by extraditing to U.S. courts and prisons powerful Mexican drug kingpins and politicians, as well as seizing large amounts of drugs and drug cash. He and President Bush recently announced the $1.4 billion "Mérida Initiative," a joint U.S.- Mexico program to further the fight. The plan has many anti-corruption safeguards and "end-use monitoring" provisions. It provides aircraft, equipment, software, and training that is badly needed by military, judicial, and law enforcement officials in Mexico.

Autor: 110 Congreso de los Estados Unidos, Cámara de Senadores

Fecha: 21 de Diciembre de 2007

Resumen: Reporte para los miembros del Consejo de Relaciones Exteriores del Senado de los Estados Unidos sobre la Iniciativa Mérida, contiene antecedentes y recomendaciones generales y análisis de diversos aspectos de la iniciativa.

Autor: Gerardo Rodríguez Sánchez Lara

Fuente: Polytical Asymetries in the Era of Globalization. Editado por Josef Schröl. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2007. 

Resumen: Consecuencias de la asimetría estructural de la relación de México con Estados Unidos en materia de seguridad y defensa, así como en aspectos específicos de seguridad como migración, narcotráfico y seguridad fronteriza

Title: The Anatomy of a Relationship. A Collection of Essays on the Evolution of U.S.-Mexico Cooperation on Border Management

By: Woodrow Wilson Center

The conventional wisdom among those who study the border is that following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States unilaterally imposed significant additional security requirements on the management of the U.S.-Mexico border, and that the measures taken to meet these requirements have made the border more difficult to cross for not only illicit but also licit traffic, including the trade and travel that is the lifeblood of cross-border communities. There is a great deal of truth in this interpretation, but it largely portrays Mexico as a passive receptor of U.S. policy, which could not be further from the truth.

By: Joy Olson, Directora Ejecutiva del Washington Office on Latin America on the Merida Initiative.

Date: March 10, 2009.

Joy Olson, directora ejecutiva de la Oficina de Washington para América Latina (WOLA), rindió testimonio el pasado 10 de marzo sobre la Iniciativa Mérida ante el Subcomité de apropiaciones sobre el Departamento de Estado, operaciones en el Exterior y programas asociados de la Cámara de Representantes de Estados Unidos. En su testimonio Olson expresó tres formas en que Estados Unidos podría enfrentar el tráfico de drogas y la violencia: mayores esfuerzos en reducir la demanda de drogas en Estados Unidos, combate al flujo de armas y dinero ilícito hacia México y apoyo a las reformas institucionales en los sistemas judiciales y de policía en México.