Título completo: Global Threat Report 2020

Fecha de publicación: 2020

Institución participante: CrowdStrike

Fragmento original: Introduction

A year in cybersecurity is often marked by how disruptive the activity observed was — not just from a destructive standpoint, but also from the perspective of whether day-to-day life was affected. By any such measure, 2019 was an active year. From U.S. school districts to asset management firms, from manufacturing to media, ransomware attacks affected multitudes of people. Disruption in 2019 was not punctuated by a single destructive wiper; rather, it was plagued by sustained operations targeting the underpinnings of our society. The particularly disruptive impact that ransomware had across all sectors is addressed at the beginning of this report, followed by an assessment of additional eCrime threats.

Going into 2019, CrowdStrike Intelligence anticipated that big game hunting (BGH) — targeted, criminally motivated, enterprise-wide ransomware attacks — was expected to continue at least at the 2018 pace. However, what was observed was not just a continuation but an escalation. Ransom demands grew larger. Tactics became more cutthroat. Established criminal organizations like WIZARD SPIDER expanded operations, and affiliates of the ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) malware developers adopted BGH attacks. In short, the greedy got greedier and the rich got richer.

Título completo: La pandemia y el sistema-mundo

Autor: Ignacio Ramonet

Fecha de publicación:  25 de abril d 2020

Institución participante: La Jornada

Fragmento original: UN HECHO SOCIAL TOTAL

Todo está yendo muy rápido. Ninguna pandemia fue nunca tan fulminante y de tal magnitud. Surgido hace apenas cien días en una lejana ciudad desconocida, un virus ha recorrido ya todo el planeta y ha obligado a encerrarse en sus hogares a miles de millones de personas. Algo sólo imaginable en las ficciones postapocalípticas…

A estas alturas, ya nadie ignora que la pandemia no es sólo una crisis sanitaria. Es lo que las ciencias sociales califican de « hecho social total », en el sentido de que convulsa el conjunto de las relaciones sociales, y conmociona a la totalidad de los actores, de las instituciones y de los valores.

Título completo: Beyond Convergence, World Without Order

Fecha de publicación: Octubre de 2016 

Institución participante: Center for Complex Operations, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University Washington, D.C. 

Fragmento original:  Introduction

The world order built upon the Peace of Westphalia is faltering. State fragility or failure are endemic, with no fewer than one-third of the states in the United Nations earning a “high warning”—or worse—in the Fragile States Index, and an equal number suffering a decline in sustainability over the past decade.1 State weakness invites a range of illicit actors, including international terrorists, globally networked insurgents, and transnational criminal organizations (TCOs). The presence and operations of these entities keep states weak and incapable of effective governance, and limit the possibility of fruitful partnerships with the United States and its allies. Illicit organizations and their networks fuel corruption, eroding state legitimacy among the governed, and sowing doubt that the state is a genuine guardian of the public interest. These networks can penetrate the state, leading to state capture, and even criminal sovereignty.2 A growing number of weak and corrupt states is creating gaping holes in the global rule-based system of states that we depend on for our security and prosperity. Indeed, the chapters of this book suggest the emergence of a highly adaptive and parasitic alternative ecosystem, based on criminal commerce and extreme violence, with little regard for what we commonly conceive of as the public interest or the public good.

Título completo: Cyber-Risk Oversight 2020: Key Principles and Practical Guidance for Corporate Boards

Fecha de publicación: 2020

Institución participante: NACD (National Association of Corporate Directors), Internet Security Alliance

Fragmento original: Foreword

Ensuring the cybersecurity resilience of the United States is truly a whole-of-society effort. We have seen cyber adversaries target electric utilities and financial institutions, cripple rural hospitals with ransomware attacks, attempt to undermine our democratic processes, and find points of technological leverage to steal massive amounts of intellectual property. The importance of cybersecurity for our nation’s national security, economic security and competitiveness, and public health and safety is fortunately well understood and documented at this juncture.

In response to the dramatic changes in the threat landscape, a welcomed and necessary shift has been the increased emphasis on cybersecurity as a strategic, enterprise-wide risk by senior leaders at organization, going beyond the realm of IT functions. No longer can cybersecurity conversations be purely focused on IT controls, such as network defense. These technical capabilities must be coupled with robust risk-management practices—knowing your major risks, understanding the size of your attack surface, assessing the criticality of your digital infrastructure based on the type of business processes they support, conducting inventories of connected users and devices, and then using this awareness to harden systems and add resilience in a targeted and prioritized manner.

Título completo: Puentes, no muros. Contribuciones para una política progresista en migraciones

Fecha de publicación: Marzo, 2020

Institución participante: CLACSO

Fragmento original: Introducción

La migración internacional se ha convertido en un punto de articulación política de movimientos y partidos políticos de derecha y extrema derecha en diversas sociedades, tanto en Europa y Estados Unidos, como en países del Sur Global.

Por años, incluso durante el fn de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el tema era la emigración, es decir, dejar el país de nacimiento. Así se consigna, por ejemplo, en el artículo 13 de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos. Hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo se describía a Estados Unidos como una nación de migrantes; hoy esta imagen parece escucharse mucho menos y más bien predominan narrativas que describen la migración como una “amenaza” (Sandoval, 2002, Chavez, 2008).

Título completo: Informe sobre la situación de las personas defensoras de los derechos humanos ambientales. México 2019

Autor: Alejandra Leyva Hernández, Rita Chantal Reyes Medina, Cristina García Bravo, José Carlos Juárez Pérez.

Fecha de publicación: Marzo, 2020

Institución participante: CEMDA

Fragmento original: Introducción

El contexto de México en materia de derechos humanos se ha caracterizado por la violencia sociopolítica que ha sucedido desde 2006 en el marco de la guerra contra el narcotráfico y en la que existe un patrón sistemático y generalizado de violaciones graves a derechos humanos por parte del Estado Mexicano como la desaparición forzada, la tortura, detenciones arbitrarias, ejecuciones extrajudiciales, masacres, desplazamientos forzados de personas y hallazgo de fosas clandestinas 1 . En este entorno es en el que las personas defensoras de derechos humanos ambientales desempeñan el ejercicio de este derecho, por lo que, esta violencia sociopolítica y patriarcal afecta e impacta en gran medida a las defensoras de derechos humanos. La complejidad en que se puede expresar la violencia se ha convertido en uno de los principales obstáculos para ejercer el derecho a defender derechos humanos en el país.